E-Liquid Guide: Types, Strengths, Ratios & How to Choose

E-liquid is the vape liquid that turns into vapour. It powers every vape device and has a significant impact on how your vape works and feels. E-liquid shapes the taste, the nicotine feel, smoothness, and amount of clouds. It comes in various types, strengths, and ingredient mixes, each one altering how your vape feels, tastes, and performs.

From smooth nicotine salts to thicker high-VG juices made for big clouds, the choices can be confusing. This guide breaks it all down, what e-liquid is, how it works in your device, and how to choose the one that matches your style.

What Is E-Liquid?

E-liquid, also known as vape juice, is the fluid used in vape kits and e-cigarettes to create vapour. It influences the smoothness of each puff, the strength of the flavour, and the volume of vapour produced. Whether you are after a bold nicotine hit or a light, flavour-rich vape, the type of e-liquid you choose can change your whole experience. E-liquid typically includes four main components that work together to create the vapour and flavour you experience.

• Propylene Glycol (PG) is a thin, flavourless liquid that helps carry the flavour in your vape. It also creates a throat hit that feels similar to smoking a cigarette. PG is widely used in food products, such as ice cream, where it acts as a flavour carrier and a moisture preserver.

• Vegetable Glycerin (VG) is thicker and slightly sweet. It produces large vapour clouds and gives a smoother inhale. VG is also found in products such as toothpaste, soap, and caramel.

• Flavouring gives vape juice its distinct profile, from fruits to tobacco. Flavouring gives vape juice its distinct profile, from fruits to tobacco. There are hundreds of options, from fruity blends and desserts to menthol and classic tobacco flavours.

• Nicotine is the addictive substance found in cigarettes. It is optional in vape juice. You can choose nicotine-free options or pick from different strengths. Nicotine comes in two forms: freebase, which can feel harsh at high strengths, and nicotine salts, which provide a smoother throat hit even at higher concentrations.

When you take a puff, your vape device heats the e-liquid using a coil. This turns the liquid into vapour, which you then inhale. Each e-liquid formulation alters the throat hit, vapour output, and flavour intensity. That’s why matching the right e-liquid with your device and coil is essential.

Several common misconceptions about e-liquid often cause confusion among vapers. One of the biggest misconceptions is that vaping is just as harmful as smoking, but it is much less damaging and can help people quit cigarettes. In the UK, e-liquids are strictly regulated to exclude harmful chemicals, such as diacetyl. The claim that vaping causes popcorn lung is unfounded since that ingredient is banned. While nicotine is addictive, it is not the leading cause of smoking-related diseases; harmful chemicals in tobacco cause most damage. Additionally, many e-liquids don’t contain nicotine and are chosen for their flavour or to reduce nicotine intake gradually.

What are the Different Types of E Liquid (Vape Juice)

E-liquid comes in different types to suit various devices, nicotine needs, and vaping styles. Whether you are a beginner or a regular vaper, understanding the differences between each type can help you achieve the experience you are looking for. The table below provides a clear overview of common e-liquid types, their flavours, nicotine strengths, PG/VG ratios, and the vaping styles they suit best.

Among the various types, nicotine salts, commonly referred to as nic salts, stand out for their smoothness and rapid nicotine delivery compared to regular freebase nicotine.

Nicotine Salts (Nic Salts)

Nicotine salts, often called nic salts, are a type of nicotine used in vape juice that’s smoother and faster-acting than regular freebase nicotine. They are made by combining nicotine with an acid, which helps lower the pH level.  This results in a softer throat hit at high strengths, making nic salts ideal for vapers seeking strong nicotine without irritation.

Nic salts are most effective in mouth-to-lung (MTL) setups, particularly in pod systems and low-wattage devices. These liquids are typically available in 50/50 PG/VG ratios, providing a balance of flavour, smoothness, and lower vapour output for discreet use.

Nicotine salt e-liquids are known for their quick nicotine delivery, helping to ease cravings faster than regular vape juice. This enables you to vape less often while saving money over time. They also offer a smoother throat hit, even at higher strengths like 20mg, making them ideal for heavy smokers switching to vaping. Another benefit is their longer shelf life. Due to their lower pH level, nic salts are more stable and stay fresh for longer when stored properly.

Freebase nicotine 

Freebase nicotine is the most traditional form of nicotine used in vape juice. It is the purest form of nicotine and has been used in tobacco products for decades. In vape liquids, it delivers a sharper throat hit, especially at higher strengths. Freebase nicotine is commonly used in mouth-to-lung (MTL) devices.  

Freebase nicotine suits those who prefer a stronger throat hit, similar to smoking and want to reduce nicotine gradually. It offers a wide range of strengths from 0mg to 18mg, making it easier to step down over time. Many ex-smokers appreciate its more cigarette-like feel. However, at higher strengths, above 6mg, it can feel harsh and rough on the throat for some users. It also absorbs nicotine more slowly, so cravings may take longer to satisfy compared to nicotine salts.

When choosing an e-liquid, one of the most significant decisions is the type of nicotine it contains. The two main options, freebase nicotine and nicotine salts, offer very different vaping experiences. While both are used to satisfy nicotine cravings, they differ in how smooth they feel, how quickly they work, and which devices they are best suited for. The table below breaks down these key differences to help you determine which one best suits your needs and vaping style.

The table below compares key features of freebase nicotine and nicotine salts to help you understand their differences and choose the option that best suits you.

Bar Salts

Bar salts are a newer type of e-liquid made to mimic the bold flavour and smooth feel of disposable vapes. They use nicotine salt combined with extra flavouring to deliver a strong, satisfying hit similar to what many people enjoy in single-use vapes.

These liquids typically come in a 50/50 PG/VG mix, making them ideal for low-wattage pod systems and mouth-to-lung (MTL) vaping. The nicotine strength often ranges from 5mg to 20mg, offering a smooth experience without the harsh throat hit.

Bar salts are especially popular among vapers who have transitioned from disposables but still desire the same strong taste and smooth delivery in a refillable format. They are a budget-friendly and more environment friendly choice for flavour-focused vaping, without sacrificing satisfaction.

What are the different formats of e-liquid?

E-liquid comes in different formats, and two of the most popular are shortfills and nicotine shots. 

Shortfills are large bottles of nicotine-free e-liquid, designed with extra space to allow the addition of nicotine as needed. They usually come in 50ml or 100ml sizes, but the bottles are not filled to the top. This extra space allows users to add a nicotine shot without spillage. Shortfills are popular in the UK because they follow legal limits by containing no nicotine until it is added separately.

Nicotine shots, often called nic shots, are small 10ml bottles of concentrated, flavourless nicotine. Most contain 18mg/ml of nicotine and are designed to be added directly into a shortfill bottle. Once added, the bottle should be shaken thoroughly to ensure even mixing. Nic shots are available in different base ratios, including 50/50, high VG, or nicotine salts. The choice depends on your vaping style and device compatibility.

Shortfills are popular among sub-ohm vapers and cloud chasers due to their high VG content, which produces thick vapour and a smooth inhale. This makes them ideal for direct-to-lung (DTL) vaping, where large clouds and a softer throat hit are preferred.

The ability to add a nicotine shot also adds another layer of control. Vapers can decide exactly how much nicotine they want, or choose to keep it nicotine-free altogether. This flexibility is helpful for those who enjoy the sensory side of vaping, like flavour and cloud production, but want to manage nicotine intake on their terms.

Since shortfills come in larger bottles, they also offer better value for money compared to buying multiple smaller bottles of pre-mixed e-liquid. Additionally, many flavour profiles found in shortfills are designed with high-performance sub-ohm kits in mind, ensuring a bold and consistent taste without sacrificing vapour output.

What Are the Different Strengths of Nicotine in E-Liquids?

Nicotine strength in e-liquids is usually measured in milligrams per millilitre (mg/ml), and it can have a significant impact on how vaping feels. The ideal strength depends on whether the goal is to quit smoking, maintain low nicotine intake, or focus on flavour and vapour. The different nicotine strengths according to vaping needs are:

• 0mg: Nicotine-free e-liquids are ideal for those who vape purely for taste or cloud production. They offer the experience of vaping without any nicotine content.

• 3mg to 6mg: These are low strengths, often used by light smokers or vapers with high-powered DTL (direct-to-lung) devices. The throat hit is mild, and they are typically paired with high-VG liquids for smooth, cloudy draws.

• 10mg to 12mg: This mid-range strength suits casual or moderate smokers. It offers a balanced experience and is commonly available in 50/50 blends or nicotine salts, providing a smoother inhale.

• 18mg to 20mg: These are high strengths, usually found in nic salt e-liquids. They are designed for heavy smokers or anyone who needs stronger nicotine relief. Nic salts absorb quickly into the bloodstream and offer a smoother throat hit, even at these higher levels.

What Is the Different VG/PG Ratio in E-Liquids?

E-liquids are made with two key ingredients: VG (Vegetable Glycerin) and PG (Propylene Glycol). These two components determine an e-liquid’s flavour delivery, vapour production, and device compatibility.

VG is a thicker, slightly sweet liquid that helps produce large, dense clouds. It creates a smoother inhale and is commonly used in high-powered devices built for direct-to-lung (DTL) vaping. PG, on the other hand, is thinner and carries flavour more effectively. It delivers a stronger throat hit, similar to the sensation of smoking, making it ideal for MTL devices and nic salt e-liquids.

The VG/PG ratio in an e-liquid affects everything from vapour production to flavour strength and throat hit. Finding the right blend depends on the type of device being used, vaping style, and personal preferences.

High VG E-Liquids

High VG e-liquids are thicker and designed for sub-ohm and direct-to-lung (DTL) vaping. They produce more vapour, making them ideal for cloud chasers. They require high-powered devices capable of handling their viscosity and wattage demands. The smoother inhale makes them popular among vapers who prefer less throat irritation and more vapour output.

High PG E-Liquids

High PG e-liquids are thinner in texture and offer a sharper throat hit, closer to the sensation of smoking. They carry flavour well and are often found in MTL setups, such as starter kits and pod systems. Due to their thinner consistency, they are best suited for use with low-wattage devices and are commonly paired with nicotine salts or higher nicotine strengths.

50/50 Vape Juice

A 50/50 e-liquid offers a balanced blend of VG and PG, delivering both decent vapour and strong flavour. This ratio is highly versatile and works well in most pod kits, vape pens, and MTL devices. It suits vapers seeking balanced performance, smooth vapour, noticeable throat hit, and clean flavour. Suitable for both beginners and experienced users, 50/50 vape juice remains one of the most popular choices.

How Do I Choose the Right E-Liquid for My Vape Device?

E-liquid performance depends on device type, nicotine strength, and PG/VG balance. By matching your device, vaping style, nicotine needs, and flavour preferences, you can find an e‑liquid that’s both satisfying and enjoyable.

1. Select Based on Device & Vaping Style

• Use high-PG or 50/50 blends for pod and MTL kits.

• Use high-VG e-liquids for sub-ohm or DTL setups.

• Use nicotine salts for smoother delivery in low-wattage kits.

2. Match Nicotine Strength to Your Smoking Habits

Choosing the right nicotine strength is essential for a satisfying vaping experience. It depends on your previous smoking habits and personal preferences. The table below shows common nicotine strengths tailored to different smoking habits, making it easier to select what suits individual needs.

3. Choose a Flavour That Suits You

Start with familiar flavours like tobacco, menthol, or simple fruits. These are easy to enjoy and help with the transition from smoking. As you gain confidence, you can explore more adventurous options, such as dessert, candy, or drink-inspired blends.

4. Consider Throat Hit, Coil Life, and Airflow

• Throat Hit increases with higher PG or nicotine.

• Coil Life shortens with thicker VG in MTL devices.

• Airflow Needs depend on device type, being tighter for MTL and more open for DTL.

The best e-liquid for you is the one that feels smooth, tastes great, and works well with your vape. Always match your juice to your device, choose a nicotine level that satisfies you, and don’t be afraid to try different flavours or blends until you find the perfect fit.

What Are the Different E-Liquid Flavour Profiles?

Flavour is one of the most enjoyable and customisable aspects of vaping. Whether you prefer something light and fruity or rich and indulgent, there’s a flavour profile to suit every taste. Here’s a look at the most popular categories:

Fruity Flavours

Fruity e-liquids are among the most loved options, offering everything from single-note favourites like mango, blueberry, or apple to complex tropical or mixed fruit blends. They are refreshing, sweet, and easy to enjoy throughout the day.

Mint and Menthol

Ideal for those who enjoy a crisp, cool sensation, menthol and ice flavours provide a sharp, clean inhale. These can be vaped alone or paired with fruits, candy, or tobacco for an extra icy edge.

Tobacco

Tobacco-flavoured e-liquids are perfect for former smokers looking for a familiar taste. Options range from classic cigarette-style blends to rich, smoky pipe tobacco profiles, offering a smooth and grounded vaping experience.

Dessert and Sweet Flavours

For vapers with a sweet tooth, dessert-inspired e-liquids offer indulgent options such as vanilla custard, caramel, doughnuts, or candy. These blends are often smooth, creamy, and perfect as an after-meal vape.

Drink-Inspired Flavours

These mimic popular beverages such as cola, coffee, energy drinks, or milkshakes. Great for those who want something unique and satisfying, drink-based flavours offer a fun alternative to more traditional profiles.

Flavour preference is personal and often changes over time. Many vapers enjoy switching between categories to keep things fresh. Whether you stick to a favourite or enjoy rotating, the flavour you choose can define your entire vaping experience.

Can I Make or Customise Vape Juice Myself?

Yes, many hobbyists and flavour chasers create their vape juice at home. DIY e-liquid mixing offers control over flavour, nicotine strength, and PG/VG ratio. It also reduces long-term vaping costs. It allows adjusting nicotine strength, fine-tuning for taste, throat hit, and vapour output. It is also a cost-effective option, especially for frequent vapers, as DIY mixing is often much cheaper than buying pre-made e-liquids. On top of that, it allows for creative freedom; you can experiment with unique flavour combinations, try seasonal blends, or even recreate your favourite branded juices.

Making customised vape juice requires a few key ingredients. The base liquids include propylene glycol (PG) and vegetable glycerin (VG). PG helps carry flavour and provides a stronger throat hit, while VG produces thicker vapour and a smoother inhale. Flavour concentrates are added for taste, and nicotine can be included if desired. Essential mixing tools include syringes or pipettes for accurate measurement, bottles for storage, and labels to keep track of different blends.

Mixing involves measuring and combining the base liquids, flavour concentrates, and nicotine (if used). Use tools like syringes or pipettes for accurate measurement. After mixing, shake the bottle well and let the juice steep for a short time to enhance the flavour.

Always mix in a clean, ventilated area and wear gloves when handling nicotine, as it can be harmful. Store all ingredients and finished e-liquids safely out of reach of children and pets. Proper handling and storage keep you and others safe.

Is E-Liquid Legal and Safe in the UK?

Yes, e-liquids are legal and safe in the UK. They are subject to strict regulations under the Tobacco and Related Products Regulations (TRPR), which align with the EU’s Tobacco Products Directive (TPD). These rules ensure safety by controlling the ingredients that can be used, the packaging of products, and the maximum nicotine strength allowed. Only adults aged 18 and over can buy or use vaping products. Nicotine e-liquids must come in bottles no larger than 10ml and have a maximum nicotine level of 20mg per millilitre. All e-liquids are sold in childproof, tamper-evident bottles with clear labels that show nicotine content and health warnings.

Harmful substances, such as diacetyl, are banned, and every e-liquid formula is thoroughly checked by the Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA) before it reaches the market. CBD vape liquids are legal if they contain less than 1mg of THC and are made from approved hemp sources, but they cannot claim any medical benefits without a proper license.

Where Can You Find the Best E-Liquid Deals and Bundles in the UK?

The UK vape market offers great deals and bundles to save money and try new flavours. Trusted shops often offer mix-and-match deals, such as 3 for £10 or 5 for £15, along with value packs for regular vapers to stock up affordably. Bulk buy discounts on shortfills and nicotine shots are common, helping you explore new brands and flavour profiles while stretching your vaping budget effectively.

How to Choose the Right Vape Device for Your E-Liquid

Device type determines how e-liquid vapourises, how flavour develops, and how nicotine is delivered. If you are using high-PG or nicotine salt e-liquids, a low-powered device like a pod system or an MTL vape pen is ideal. These offer tighter airflow and better flavour delivery for thinner liquids and higher nicotine strengths. For thicker, high-VG e-liquids, a more powerful sub-ohm kit or DTL vape mod is a better choice, as it can handle thicker liquids and produce bigger vapour clouds. Coil resistance, airflow design, and wattage range all play a role in maximising the performance of your vape juice.

For a deeper breakdown of which device suits each e-liquid type and vaping style, explore our comprehensive guide on choosing the right vape device.